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Papers On Fiscal Policy
Page 2 of 9
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Canadian Administrative Reforms: Trends, Improvements and Concerns
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This is a 10 page paper discussing Canadian administrative reforms, concerns and improvements. The Canadian federal government reforms over the past fifty years have shifted a great deal in their initiatives, structures and priorities which have deeply impacted the reforms and initiatives of the provincial and municipal governments as well. The reforms in the 1960s and 1970s in Canada initiated by the Canadian government established an increase in social systems, benefits and an increase in the public sector which allowed for the support of these programs. While no major shift occurred during the 1980s, the recession of the early 1990s and an increasing federal public deficit of over $540 billion led to a great deal of restructuring and shifting of initiatives and resources in the mid to late 1990s. Federal funding was drastically reduced by reforms which led to the decentralization and privatization of programs and industry and an increased responsibility placed on each provincial and territorial government. The provincial governments in turn enacted reforms which led to drastic cuts in education, health care and social programs which are still considered controversial and a major concern today. Recently, governmental reforms have shifted slightly again to highlight business networking, accountability, regulation and e-government in order to increase efficiency and accessibility of governmental services.
Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TJCanad1.rtf
Canadian Trade: Global, Local and Inter-Provincial Trade Barriers
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This is a 3 page paper discussing different perceptions and aspects of Canadian trade in regards to municipal, provincial and global levels. Canadian trade varies in regards to its acceptance, perception and policies on the municipal, provincial or global levels. Many World Trade Organization (WTO) Members find that certain restrictive policies and tariffs in Canada present barriers in some markets although the WTO has found that access to the Canadian market is “generally liberal” despite some protectionist measures within the country. Canadian businesses interested in inter-provincial trade have found that the inter-provincial barriers are often too costly and it is more cost efficient to promote trade markets within the U.S. than within Canada itself; barriers which trade boards and chambers of commerce should eliminate in order allow Canadian businesses to prosper within Canada. On the other hand, certain municipalities have found that trade policies related to the GATS agreement have “liberalized” services to such an extent that national and international businesses now challenge local businesses; businesses municipalities wish to shield.
Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TJCantr1.rtf
Causes and Effects: Current Government Taxation and Spending
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This 3 page paper discusses current government taxation and spending practices, and argues that money currently going to our huge defense budget, and the billion dollars per week going to Iraq, could be better spent for domestic programs. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: HVGovSpn.rtf
Comparing and Contrasting the Role of the Market in the Political Theories of Karl Marx and Milton Friedman
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A 5 page paper which examines how the market determines justice and injustice in society, according to Marx and Friedman. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TGmarfri.wps
Comparison and Contrast of Two Articles Discussing the “Medicare + Choice” Program
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This is an 8 page paper comparing two articles which discuss the “Medicare + Choice” program. Two articles pertaining to the “Medicare + Choice” program which was introduced in the Balance Budget Act (BBA) of 1997 assess the intentions, effectiveness and future prospects of the controversial program originally considered as risk-contracting. “As Good as it Gets? The Future of Medicare + Choice” (2002) by Nancy-Ann DeParle discusses the program from its original creation through to its current assessment in 2002. DeParle’s article is the most interesting because of the insider information DeParle can provide in regards to the political process as she was the Head of the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) which was involved administratively from the onset. DeParle offers reasons for the initial intentions of the program, some of the major causes as to why the program has not lived up to expectation and lastly, what hopes and options there are for the program in the future. The second article “Medicare + Choice: Current Role and Near-Term Prospects” (2002) by Kenneth E. Thorpe and Adam Atherly, almost takes over where the DeParle article leaves off. Thorpe and Atherly do not necessarily cover the details as to the background of the program but more so the current state of the program and possible solutions for the future or maintenance of the program. The Thorpe and Atherly article provides a much more comprehensive statistical review of the current program and enrollment in addition to the expected results of any options in regards to the future of the program.
Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: TJcompa1.rtf
Consumer Spending
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5 pages. A close watch is kept on the differences in spending patterns occurring in by consumers who are in different income classes. The United States Department of Labor watches these patterns in order to compare recent reports to any significant changes that have occurred in past years. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: JGAdelab.rtf
Consumption Tax Or Flat Tax
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This 5 page paper explains what each of these taxes are and the pros and cons of each. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: PGtax.rtf
Costs of Rebuilding New Orleans
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A 4 page paper discussing the macroeconomic costs of rebuilding New Orleans in the wake of two record-breaking hurricanes and the floods resulting from levee breaks. The paper suggests that reestablishing the French Quarter as a tourist attraction and giving 10,000 households $100,000 each perhaps could be more beneficial than intense government involvement. Empowering families to make their own decisions about their futures can create and fuel economic activity that government spending cannot, creating a self-sustaining economy rather than a sinkhole for tax dollars. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: KSnewOrlRebld.rtf
Earned Income Credit
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A 5 page paper which examines various aspects of the earned
income tax credit. Included is a story involving a particular case which illustrates the
conditions of an individual who is eligible for this credit. Also included is a legal
questionnaire that illustrates what is necessary for one to get this credit. It is a very
beneficial program that hurts many more individuals than it ever helps and is a program
that should, by all means, still continue in this country that is so adamant about ridding the
country of welfare. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: RAeicredit.wps
Economic Policy of Three Presidents, 1989-2003
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A 7 page paper discussing the economic policies of Presidents George H. Bush (1989-93), William J. Clinton (1993-2001), and George W. Bush (2001-present). Five tables list Dow Jones and S&P 500 averages; interest rates, unemployment rates and personal income for each year. Thankfully, the three presidents of 1989-2003 could see the value of maintaining a largely hands-off policy regarding the economy. George Bush Senior preserved Reagan’s changes so that they could have full effect; Clinton instituted NAFTA and Welfare-to-Work, easing existing pressures. To date, it appears that George W. Bush has no domestic economic policy, but the lessons of the past indicate that too little action is much to be preferred over too much, too late. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: KSeconPol3Prez.rtf
Economic Recession
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A 3 page research paper that examines how "recession" is defined, how it is determined by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) and status of the latest economic recession that began in March 2001. The writer discusses NBER's announcement that this recession is over and how the monetary policies of the Fed affected ending the recession. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: khrecess.rtf
Economic Stimulus Action
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A 6 page paper discussing the need for economic stimulus following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. On September 10, 2001, the stock market was uncertain but holding its own, and many of the nation's largest companies were announcing disappointing second quarter business results. After the longest period of economic expansion known in modern times, the US economy had entered a decline that some are saying is a recession. Others are not as quick to use the dreaded "R" word, and point to strong performance in several sectors. The attacks pushed the already-teetering US economy off the cliff, however, and the government will need to take direct action to stimulate the economy. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: KSeconStimu.rtf
Economics and Society: Questions of Today
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A 6 page discussion of the interrelationships of layman concerns regarding the economy and world affairs and fiscal policy. Provides numerous historic examples of these interrelationships. Concludes that the burning questions of economists are inextricably tied to the questions of the layman. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPeconSo.wps
Economy Needs in 2008
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A 4 page paper recommending three areas that Obama needs to focus on as he takes office in 2009. They are Social Security, Medicare and halting any further blurring of the lines of boundary between the public and private sectors in business. It is the last area that needs first attention, for it directly affects the future of both Social Security and Medicare. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: KSecon3areas.rtf
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