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Papers On Oceanography, Aquaculture, & Coastal Topography
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The Effects of the 1997-98 El Nino on Coral Reefs: Bleaching, Sea Surface Temperatures and Other Factors
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This is a 9 page paper discussing the effects of El Nino on the world’s coral reefs in addition to other factors. Excessive and sudden high sea water temperatures, El Nino, have a devastating effect on the coral reefs in over 100 countries around the world. High sea surface temperatures cause a disruption of enzymes in the coral’s zooxanthellae which then create toxic byproducts which kill the living coral resulting in a whitening or bleaching effect. Coral bleaching has been used in the last decade to study the changes in marine ecosystems using methods which include a combination of marine and satellite imagery efforts. The El Nino of 1997-98 was particularly destructive to the coral reefs as over 16 percent were instantly bleached in that year. In addition to the effects of sea temperatures rising, El Nino and human environmental factors, over 27 percent of the world’s coral reefs have been severely damaged. While it has been found that 30 percent may be recovering from the 1997-98 El Nino disaster, some reefs found in the Caribbean have shown no signs of recovery since 1998.
Bibliography lists 14 sources.
Filename: TJelnin1.rtf
The Geology of Biscayne National Park (Florida)
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A 4 page description of limestone and reef formation in Biscayne National Park. The author describes processes and the complex ecology that has resulted. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPgeoBis.rtf
The Geology of Hydrothermal Vents
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A 9 page discussion of the unique geology of hydrothermal vents. The subterranean processes which result in these vents also results in the expulsion of numerous minerals to the surface of the ocean floor. These mineral deposits form distinctive features which are potentially valuable not only from an aesthetic and ecological standpoint but mining standpoint. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: PPocnVn2.rtf
The Great Lakes
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A 6 page discussion of the Great Lakes, their sources, natural environment, and pertinent theories. Bibliography lists three references.
Filename: Greatlak.wps
The Great White Shark
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6 pages in length. The great white shark
provokes a lot of mystery and myth, most of which is simply
untrue. This paper will explore some facts about the great white
and whether or not they propose a threat to humans, as well as
problems affecting the great white sharks themselves and possible
solutions. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: JGAshark.wps
The Hard Shell Clam Business in the Raritan Bay Area
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This 24 page paper outlines biological aspects of hard clams which are also known as Mercenaria mercenaria or quahogs. The history of the industry in and around the Raritan Bay area and Sandy Hook are discussed in detail. Clam Population, conditions and sizes of clams are included along with a slew of information used to characterize the clams. The history of hard clamming in the region is discussed along with a great deal of information on pollution and how the problem has been resolved. Finally, throughout the paper, legislation and restrictions are duly noted. It is suggested that sometimes legislation is too strict. The paper concludes with future possibilities regarding this long standing industry. Bibliography lists 30 sources.
Filename: SA410clm.rtf
The Hawaiian Islands & Their Scientific Environment
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Excellent for those studying oceanography, marine biology, geography, and even geology. This fairly technical 10 page research paper discusses various issues concerning the Hawaiian Islands including aquatic life, volcanoes, climate, and coastal topography. Bibliography lists approximately 10 sources.
Filename: Hawaiifi.wps
The History & Current Conditions of The Rivers of Ohio
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Complex geological and structural changes have occurred in the rivers of Ohio since the were first created as a result of glacial flows. The current conditions in a number of rivers in Ohio, including the Ohio River itself, are directly related to the geological development of the region, the influx of industry and agricultural development since the 19th century, and the transformation of the environment due to vast chemical, structural and natural changes. This 9 page paper reflects the transformation of the Ohio Rivers since their glacial formation and determines the most significant environmental factors currently impacting these natural regions. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: Ohioriv.wps
The Limnology of Lake Michigan
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A 9 page scientific research paper on the limnology of Lake Michigan (one of the United States' "Great Lakes"). Included are the limnological characteristics, climate & erosion, human & trophic conditions, and more. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: Lakemich.wps
The Lowly Tuna Sandwich: Its Ecological and Physiological Relevance to Man
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An 8 page analysis of the components of the tuna sandwich. Breaks the sandwich down into each of its components comparing them ecologically and evolutionary to man. The paper then concentrates on the molecular components of the sandwich, noting the particularly of the passage of elements such as starches and sugars through the digestive system of the human body. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPfoodAn.rtf
The Nile River:
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This 5 page paper discusses the Nile river, it's history and it's importance. Furthermore, this paper examines hoe the Nile river influenced nearly every aspect of ancient civilization. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: GSNileRv.rtf
The Ocean’s Potential to Feed the World’s People: Over-Fishing, Populations and the Environment, and Aquaculture in the LEDCs and MEDCs
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This is a 7 page paper discussing over-fishing of the world’s oceans, in particular reference to the North Sea, the relationship between the environment and population and fishing and aquaculture in the LEDCs and MEDCs. Within the last several decades, the fish population in the world’s oceans has decreased substantially. While the decrease in fish stocks has been partially blamed on environmental factors, the largest problem has been that fishing levels have been at capacity or at the over-fishing level for over thirty years resulting in the loss of some of the more popular fish stocks. Through fishing bans and aquaculture, many MEDCs (More Economically Developed Countries) have just begun to initiate programs with the hopes to recover the stocks but the future of most stocks is still questionable. In the LEDCs (Less Economically Developed Countries) where larger portions of the population are also malnourished, there has also begun to be a great deal of over-fishing but mainly due to fishermen from wealthier countries who have moved from diminished areas. In addition, while a great percentage of continents such as Africa have been deemed suitable for aquaculture, funding depends on governmental support which varies from country to country and year to year. It is estimated that the results of the over-fishing in all the oceans in which many of the stocks will be forever diminished will eventually lead to an increased dependence on grain farmers; a demand they cannot meet. Overall, the increasing world populations will be affected by increased malnutrition and famine, similar to what was initially predicted by Thomas Malthus in 1798 unless more funding and support can be placed on aquaculture worldwide.
Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: TJfishf1.rtf
The Pacific Halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis)
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A 7 page overview of the environmental factors affecting the Pacific Halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) in regard to their feeding patterns and development. Emphasizes that life history varies in accordance with a number of factors including the habitat in which the fish live and the prey species which are desirable, or at the very least available. Concludes that halibut feeding patterns are both directly and indirectly correlated with such factors as the relative age of a Halibut and environmental factors such as water depth, oxygen level, and turbulence. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPhalibt.wps
Three Generations of Archaeological Research and Influence: Robert Wauchope, George Bass, and Cemal Pulak
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This is a 13 page paper (9 page paper and 4 page annotated bibliography) discussing the three generations of archaeologists Robert Wauchope, George Bass and Cemal Pulak. George F. Bass, the “father of nautical archaeology” is used as the “middle” generation in a three generation look at researchers within anthropology and archaeology who have influenced and inspired the work of others. Bass, the second generation, a recent retiree from the Texas A&M Nautical Archaeology department he founded continues to practice the science of underwater excavation through the Institute of Nautical Archaeology using meticulous methods and technology he devised. Cemal Pulak, the third generation, is described as one of Bass’ former students and assistant but who is now an assistant professor at Texas A&M and director of the Institute of Nautical Archaeology in Turkey in relations to their underwater excavations in the Mediterranean. Pulak combined the techniques learned from Bass in relation to his own specialties in seafaring and ship construction to further research the wrecks discovered in the area of nautical archaeology. Finally, the initial inspiration for Bass to enter the field of archaeology came from his uncle, Robert Wauchope, the first generation. Wauchope was a successful and often cited leader in the archaeological community in regards to his knowledge and excavations of Mayan sites in addition to his meticulous record keeping and conservation of historical sites; an aspect carried on through the works of Bass and Pulak.
Bibliography lists 16 sources.
Filename: TJGBass1.rtf
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